A dnabased archival storage system microsoft research. In this paper, we present a detail description of a new dna based cryptographic key generation algorithm that can be used to generate strong cryptographic keys for. Public key cryptography publickey cryptography is a radical departure from all that has gone before. This paper presents two original dna cryptographic algorithms based on existing ideas described in related literature. Here, authors have used a dna based cryptography 15 approach. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and. Cryptography is the practice and the study of concealing the information and it furnishes confidentiality, integrity, and exactness. Double layer security by dna based cryptography and rsa algorithm. Just like the rsa and des algorithms, in dna cryptology user have dna algorithms like publickey system using dna as a oneway function for key distribution, dnasc cryptography system, dna steganography systems, triple stage dna cryptography, encryption. One potential key application is dna based, molecular cryptography systems. The paper gives general introduction about network security, cryptography, dna sequence and rle. Cryptography plays a key role in information security.
Dna cryptography is emerging as a new cryptographic field where dna is used to carry the information. Several dna based algorithms have been developed and used in many applications, such as data encryption, private key generation, authentication, etc. Dna computing and cryptography is based on the biological elements of dna. The human genome is complex and long, but it is very possible to interpret important, and identifying, information from smaller variabilities, rather than reading the entire genome. Data security using dna cryptography international journal of. In this regard, this paper proposes a new method of image encryption based on dna computation technology. A novel dna computing based encryption and decryption. Dnabased data encryption and hiding using playfair and. The storage capacity, vast parallelism of dna are used for cryptographic purposes. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and image data. Section 5 presents the description of two different scenarios that are used to evaluate the randomness of generated cryptographic keys.
An example is dna based watermarking using the dna crypt. In future, a security of data based on dna sequence with rle as a new method to. One approach of the dna cryptography is a dna based symmetric cryptographic algorithm. Dnabased encryption algorithms, as a result of that dna cryptography is still in the initial stage, it dont have a complete model and an efficient verification mechanism. Cryptography using dna computing is very current state of the art. Heres a blog post to help you understand what is cryptography and how can it be used to protect corporate secrets, secure classified information, and personal information to guard against things like identity theft. And in another approach dna strands are used to generate key for encryption and decryption. Double layer security by dna based cryptography and rsa.
Dna cryptography is a promising research approach that emerged with the evolution of dna computing field. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of dna computing. However, publickey algorithms are based on mathemat. Dna is a biological term, deoxyribose nucleic acid, which is composed of two polynucleotide chains. The drawback of the previous work defines the open area of research in the field of dna cryptography. Dna encryption is the process of hiding or perplexing genetic information by a computational method in order to improve genetic privacy in dna sequencing processes. As modern encryption algorithms are bust to attacks, the world of information security give the. Review on dna based encryption algorithm for text and image.
Right up to modern times all cryptographic systems have been based on the elementary tools of substitution and permutation. Dna based encryption algorithms, as a result of that dna cryptography is still in the initial stage, it dont have a complete model and an efficient verification mechanism. Aes encryption the advanced encryption standard, or aes, is used for encrypting and decrypting the sequence. This paper presents an architecture for a dna backed archival storage system. In this approach the send message is encoded into binary. This method is an enhanced to the dnabased cryptographic key generation algorithm 15. First, pixels in different positions use different dna encoding or decoding rules according to the random matrix generated by a fivedimension hyperchaotic system. Introduction in the year 1994, adleman1 sets the step for the bio. In work 8 the survey of the results of dna cryptography, and also the positive aspects and problems of different tendencies of the dna approach in cryptography are given.
For sake of brevity, the focus of this paper is retained on the encryption and decryption algorithm and not dealt in detail. Finally, in section 6, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research are pointedout. A survey on dna based cryptography using differential encryption and decryption algorithm 1hariram s, 2dhamodharan r 1,2department of electronics and communication engineering sree krishna college of engineering vellore, tamilnadu abstract. One approach for providing security in a high density information storage area like the dna can be achieved through the dna based cryptography technique which uses various ways to secure the data in dna by converting it into the nucleotide sequences and arranging these in a complex order based on the given data so that it cannot be compromised. In our study, dna coding technology is used to convert binary data to dna strings. Mar 01, 20 technology used by different algorithms dna cryptography algorithm technology dna based cryptography 2 dna substitution and onetime pads dna secret writing techniques 3 onetimepad otp, dna xor otp and dna chromosomes indexing an encryption scheme using dna dna digital coding pcr primers technology 5 a message is converted to dna. Dna cryptography is a new and promising direction in the field of cryptography. A novel dna computing based encryption and decryption algorithm. Pdf a dnabased cryptographic key generation algorithm. A 4 point mutation is performed at binary plain text, now 8 point crossover oper ation is performed on the mutated bplain text. The main target of that scheme was to introduce the concept of using dna computing in the fields of cryptography in order to enhance the security of cryptographic algorithms. Cryptanalysis of a dnabased image encryption scheme. It is a data carrier for transferring message from sender to receiver. Algorithm used to prevent attacks by statistical analysis.
Much of the approach of the book in relation to public key algorithms is reductionist in nature. Related work after dna was cited as the most advanced form of information representation, many new algorithms were developed and proposed by the researchers in order to ensure data security. The new dna based cryptographic key generation algorithm is given in section 4. A symmetric encryption algorithm based on dna computing. The binary value block will get from original image and it can be rearranged using permutation process then they generate the cipher image. The dna cryptography is the art of securing the data using dna sequence. We present some procedures for dna based cryptography based on onetimepads that are in principle unbreakable.
Multiple dna crypto algorithms has been researched and published like the symmetric and asymmetric key crypto system using dna, dna steganography systems, triple stage dna cryptography, encryption algorithm inspired by dna and chaotic computing. Paper open access dnabased image encryption algorithm. The dna computing based encryption and decryption algorithm. For anyone who is interested in this field, this paper can be a starting point into knowing what research has currently been done on dna cryptography.
In this paper, we will talk about progress of dna cryptography, discuss dna computing, and propose a method for dna based cryptography through 3 phases where we will. Chapter 8 public key cryptography indian institute of. Dna cryptography comes with the next level of data integrity and confidentiality to protect information from intrusions, in this paper a cipher solution is proposed with a new symmetric key generation. Both of these chapters can be read without having met complexity theory or formal methods before. They said that dna binary strands support feasibility and applicability of dnabased cryptography. The main feature of image encryption using dynamic dna cryptography is this algorithm uses pixel based encoding so any size of an image can be encoded and decode with this algorithm. Cryptography using dna nucleotides semantic scholar. Weia novel image fusion encryption algorithm based on dna sequence operation and hyperchaotic system optik, 124 18 20, pp. Transitioning the use of cryptographic algorithms and key lengths. This material is posted here with permission of the ieee.
This method is an enhanced to the dna based cryptographic key generation algorithm 15. Rasul enayatifar et al 27 proposed a new novel image encryption scheme based on dna masking, genetic algorithm. The dna computing based encoding algorithm the dna encoding algorithm has a welldefined process and explained in detail in17. Dna computing based encryption and decryption algorithm. Java dna cryptography encryption the java dna encryption includes both symmetric and asymmetric methods for encryption 2. Any changes to the key even a single bit generate a completely different dna key. There by dna cryptography does not absolutely repulse traditional cryptography and it is possible to construct hybrid cryptography. Dna computing is an emerging branch of computing which uses dna, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon based computer technologies. In the recent year few works on qualitative and quantitative analysis on dna based cryptography as well as many new cryptographic techniques were proposed by. From the worlds most renowned security technologist, bruce schneier, this 20th anniversary edition is the most definitive reference on cryptography ever published and is the seminal work on cryptography. The proposed dna based advanced encryption standard in our work, we are presenting the dna based design and implementation to advanced encryption standard aes. Ashish gehani, thomas labean, and john reif department of computer science, duke university y abstract recent research has considered dna as a medium for ultrascale computation and for ultracompact information storage. Using dna to archive data is an attractive possibility because it is extremely dense, with a raw limit of 1 exabyte per cubic millimeter, and longlasting, with observed halflife of over 500 years.
Encryption is essentially important because it secures data and information from unauthorized access and thus maintains the confidentiality. It is the encoded or encrypted plain text in form of human unreadable code. Ifmbe proceedings of the international conference on. Every individual has unique dna and the transmission of genes from one generation to another and dna based algorithms are considered as a revolutionary technique.
Additionally, most dna based image encryption algorithms employ the dna addition operation, dna subtraction and dna xor operation to diffuse the dna matrix, these operations are performed according to traditional addition, subtraction, xor in the binary for dna sequences, thus they are rules based and easy to predict, and sometimes more than. This paper proposes dna based cryptography as an approach to ensure highly secure environment for transmission of data across mobile networks. Dna origami cryptography for secure communication nature. The security and the performance of the dna based cryptographic algorithms are satisfactory for multilevel security applications of todays network.
One potential key application is dnabased, molecular cryptography systems. Dna can be used in cryptography for storing and transmitting the information, as well as for computation. In the recent year few works on qualitative and quantitative analysis on dna based cryptography as well as many new cryptographic techniques were proposed by the researchers 26 20. Survey of different dna cryptography based algorithms. Finally, the proposed dna cryptography algorithms strength is evaluated based. The dna based cryptography has identified as new way of secure data in the form dna molecules which uses dna strands to hide the information. This paper is based on the new technique based on the dna cryptography along with genetic algorithm. This paper presents a detail description of a new dna based cryptographic key generation algorithm that can be used to generate strong cryptographic keys for symmetric ciphering applications. Dna based algorithm by using dna based encryption process a dna coded sequence is generated, and then this sequence is given to the aes algorithm and used as the key. Such permission of the ieee does not in any way imply ieee endorsement of any of the universitys products or services.
So we have used a combination of brea and dna sequence in our algorithm to make the encryption assured. A survey on dna based cryptography using differential. In one of the approaches dna based cryptography itself is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. This cryptographic guidance was based on the lessons learned over many years of. This scheme discussed the application of such hybrid technique of cryptography in security and also the high efficiency and randomness in dna. The ability for huge storage and parallelism are making it suitable for image encryption. Secure data communication using dna based cryptography in.
A new image encryption algorithm based on dna approach. Scope and challenges in symmetric key cryptography. Based on the above analyses, a chaos based image encryption algorithm using dynamic dna coding and sha256 is introduced in this paper. The dna based encryption algorithms are often proposed, a very few studies simulating processes of central dogma have been conducted. K verma2 1csed, thapar university patiala, india 2csed, thapar university patiala, india abstract dna cryptography is a novel field being taken up for research by the researcher community in order to have secure communication on a network. Dna cryptography is a new inherent cryptographic field that has emerged from the experimentation of dna computing. The main objective of dna cryptography is to provide confidentiality when the persons sends data over a network. The only works we have found on this subject is a simple cryptographic method based on the same idea and reported in 5, and a symmetric encryption dna based algorithm called yaea that was proposed by aminet al. Dna cryptography can be defined as a hiding data in terms of dna sequence. The algorithm is completely based on the new cryptosystem where a key is generated using an optimized technique and applied to the text using dna cryptography.
Inspired pseudo biotic dna based cryptographic mechanism. Each letter and the numerical value is encoded and converted into dna sequence of nucleotides bases as, cs, gs, ts. A novel hyper chaosbased image encryption algorithm. The algorithm uses an initial privatesecret key as an. During the last two decades, many dna based algorithms have been developed and used for data cryptography and cryptographic key generation. In our work we used a cryptosystem with symmetric key. Some of these techniques such as onetime pads 8, rsa algorithm 9,10, playfair cipher 11, dna based encryption using pointers 12 and dna encryption using pcr.
The data encryption standard des is an algorithm with approximately 72 quadrillion possible keys. When discussing a dna based cryptosystem, carbon nanotube based message transformation is to be discussed. A novel encryption technique for providing security to data is proposed. Apr 01, 2015 multiple dna crypto algorithms have been researched and published, like the symmetric and asymmetric key crypto system using dna, dna steganography systems, triple stage dna cryptography, encryption algorithms inspired by dna, and chaotic computing. The security of the des is based on the difficulty of picking out the right key after the 16. Keys are generated using genetic algorithms that is considered as one of the most optimization technique.
We present some procedures for dnabased cryptography. Dna has a random character and so the cryptography which is based upon it is in principle unbreakable. A color image cryptosystem based on dynamic dna encryption. Transitioning the use of cryptographic algorithms and key. We built our algorithm with all its specifications data, algorithms operations and used functions on dna basis instead of bits. In this paper, we used pseudo dna based cryptographic technique which is based on central dogmas of biological system, which is not same as original dna cryptography 12, 18, 23.
Advancement in technology is occurring daily in order to find a new cryptographic algorithm. Although in its primitive stage, dna cryptography is shown to be very effective. Rsa algorithm provides the best security in public key cryptography pkc. Nevertheless, these dna based strategies generally exploit sequence information. Dna cryptography can be defined as a technique of hiding data in terms of dna sequence. Recent research has considered dna as a medium for ultrascale computation and for ultracompact information storage. D matching with nucleotides steps to computing algorithm as per dna computing based cryptography. In future an algorithm can be designed for dna based cascaded steganography and cryptography. Dna cryptography using indexbased symmetric dna encryption. In this paper, we present a complex cryptography algorithm which uses dna sequence in order to. Lipton, in order to break one of the symmetric key algorithm used for cryptographic.
Pdf applied cryptography download full pdf book download. Secure data communication using dna based cryptography. Dna computing based cryptography this technique shows 5 the combination of dna computation and rsa algorithm for better security purpose. Many dna based encryption schemes are being proposed by researchers 1,2. A method to encrypt information with dnabased cryptography. Cryptography is used to defend the data and to defend the data and to define it in the simple and easy words, it is an art of writing and solving the codes. The output is a sequence of characters known as the ciphertext.
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